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The Gibbs energy for the decomposition of Al2O3 at 500°C is as follows:

$\dfrac{2}{3}$Al2O3 → $\dfrac{4}{3}$Al + O2, ΔrG = +966 kJ mol–1

The potential difference needed for electrolytic reduction of Al2O3 at 500°C is at least

2.5 V
5.0 V
4.5 V
3.0 V
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