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Which among the following can effectively be examples of ‘Secondary Succession’?
1. Formation of a new Island after volcanic eruption 2. The renewal of a forest after a fire 3. A flooded land 4. The renewal of a crop after harvesting
Select the correct option

1, 2 and 3
2, 3 and 4
1, 3 and 4
All
Explanation:

Examples of secondary succession include: ? The renewal of a forest after a fire: The fire itself destroys a majority of different types of trees and plant life. Because seeds and roots and other plant and tree parts remain in and on the soil, gradually the plants and trees begin to grow again and eventually return to the state of the original ecosystem.
The renewal of a crop after harvesting: A crop is completed harvested when it becomes ripe. Without new seeds being planted, the crop can regenerate the following year due to the plants and seeds that remained after harvesting. ? A forest renews after logging: A large amount of trees were chopped down by loggers in order to create building materials. Over time, trees grow in and the area returns to its previous state. ? Renewal after disease: A plant population can be very negatively affected by a variety of infectious plant diseases. If the entire population dies, but the soil and roots remain, it is possible for secondary succession to occur and for the population of those plants to return. ? A flood can ruin farmlands. However, because the soil remains after the waters recede, over the course of many years a natural secondary succession can occur and the vegetation that had previously grown there can grow again. ? Plants can be very susceptible to attack from pests, particularly if there is an overpopulation of those pests. When this occurs, the plant population in one area can be completely destroyed. However, when the pest overpopulation is resolved, the plants are able to live again and thrive in the soil in which they previously had lived.
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