Gradual and predictable changes in the species composition of a given area is

The biomass available for consumption by the herbivores and the decomposers is called

Which of the following is expected to have the highest value (gm/m²/yr) in a grassland ecosystem?

The species, though insignificant in number, determine the existence of many other species in a given ecosystem. Such species is known as

Acacia arabica is

The ecological pyramid which can be inverted in a tree eco-system is

Consider the following statements concerning food chains:
(a) Removal of 80% tigers from an area resulted in greatly increased growth of vegetation
(b) Removal of most of the carnivores resulted in an increased population of deer
(c) The length of food chains is generally limited to 3 - 4 trophic levels due to energy loss.
(d) The length of food chains may vary from 2 to 8 trophic levels.Which two of the above statements are correct?

The remains of the dead plants and animals is called

DDT residues are rapidly passed through food chain causing biomagnification because DDT is

The most recently discovered ecosystem is