[The first is a finding on...] In research designed to investigate the possibility of animals developing friendship with other, unr

In research designed to investigate the possibility of animals developing friendship with other, unrelated, members of their species, a group of 29 chimpanzees were reared together for 15 years. At the end of that time the chimps were presented with two options for obtaining food: press a lever and feed themselves, or press another identical lever and feed themselves, and at the same time deliver food to the chimp next door. (The chimps were able to see each other). The researchers found that the chimps were no more likely to choose the lever that fed a neighbor. The researchers concluded that the chimps had no concept of friendship. However, one critic has suggested that the animals were in an artificial environment from which little can be concluded, and that, at the least, the test ought to have involved the animals being able to touch.
What role do the parts in boldface play in the argument above?

The first is a position that the critic opposes. The second is a position that the critic supports.

The first is an observation that supports the researchers` position. The second is an observation that opposes the researchers` position.

The first is a finding on which the researchers base their conclusion. The second is a suggestion that might cast doubt on that finding.

The first is an observation that supports the critic`s conclusion. The second is the critic`s conclusion.

The first is part of the evidence that the critic disputes. The second is a suggestion that the researchers do not accept.

French cuisine is highly regarded all over the world. Yet in Paris there are more American restaurants selling burgers and fries (which many people now class as `junk food`) than there are in any other European capital city. Obviously the French are very fond of `junk food`, and are not too proud to eat it. Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the author`s contention?	Answer
Photography is no longer an art form. Nowadays everyone has access to digital cameras that only need to be pointed at the subject in order to generate a perfect image. The writer of the argument apparently assumes that	Answer
A nature conservancy expert found little support for his campaign to protect toads. He suggested that, even thought the campaign highlighted the vital role the toads played in the ecology of the region, people were unenthusiastic about saving toads as these animals are perceived as unpleasant creatures, and people seldom feel passionate about animals with which they have no positive feelings. The expert`s opinion would be most strengthened by which of the following observations?	Answer
Jay: We have too many people working on each of our computers in the office. The high frequency of breakdowns is due to too many people handling the same hardware. Ada: We have just as many people working in our office, yet we hardly need any repairs to our systems. Our systems must be more robust than yours. Jay apparently believes that	Answer
It has been suggested that long-term prisoners, on release from jail, be given a reasonable state pension to reduce the likelihood of their resorting to crime. Most people instinctively reject the suggestion as they feel it would be like rewarding criminal activity. The supporters of the prisoners` pension scheme have criticized those who reject this possibility, by claiming that for the critics...... Which of the following is the most logical completion of the sentence above?	Answer
It is not unusual to see the ball fall into a black slot on a roulette wheel four times in a row. But for it to fall five or six times in a row into the same color is very unusual. Therefore you can win money by waiting for a run of five of the same color and then betting against that color. If the roulette wheel in question is a fair wheel, which of the following observations or facts, if it were true, would best reveal a fallacy in the logic?	Answer
On the basis of the Big Bang theory scientists predicted levels of Helium-3 in the universe that are ten times greater than the levels actually observed. According to the original model, Helium-3 is produced when low-mass stars burn up hydrogen and become `red giants`, as well as being produced in the Big Bang itself. Researchers have now produced a new model in which the Helium-3 produced by a red giant is pushed to the star`s interior and burnt up. Hence the Big Bang theory is no longer undermined by Helium-3 data. The two portions in bold-face are related to each other in which of the following ways?	Answer
Crops can be traded on the futures market before they are harvested. If a poor corn harvest is predicted, prices of corn futures rise; if a bountiful corn harvest is predicted, prices of corn futures fall. This morning meteorologists are predicting much-needed rain for the corn-growing region starting tomorrow. Therefore, since adequate moisture is essential for the current crop’s survival, prices of corn futures will fall sharply today. Which of the following, if true, most weakens the argument above?	Answer
Many people report that exposure to certain foods such as cheese, red wine, and chocolate, are associated with the onset of migraine headaches. Other people report that exposure to certain smells (especially strong perfumes) seems to trigger a migraine headache, and some note that exposure to bright and flickering lights can be followed by a migraine. It would seem that a person with a tendency to get migraines should try to find which of these situations is associated with the onset of the headache and then avoid this stimulus. All of the following, if true, would indicate potential problems with the recommendation above except	Answer
The number of people diagnosed with dengue fever (which is contracted from the bite of an infected mosquito) in North India this year is twice the number diagnosed last year. The authorities have concluded that measures to control the mosquito population have failed in this region. All of the following, if true, would cast doubt on the authorities` conclusion except	Answer