54457.Antibodies present in colostrum which protect the new born from certain diseases is of
IgG type
IgA type
IgD type
IgE type
Explanation:
The yellowish fluidcolostrum is secreted by mother during the initial days of lactation has abundant antibodies (IgA) to protect the infant from several diseases.IgG immunoglobulin (antibody) is most abundant (appro .80%) antibody in human and found in serum IgA is second abundant (approx .10-15%) antibody. It is found in saliva and tear also. IgD and IgE constitute 2-3% of total antibodies which are found in most cells and serum.
The yellowish fluidcolostrum is secreted by mother during the initial days of lactation has abundant antibodies (IgA) to protect the infant from several diseases.IgG immunoglobulin (antibody) is most abundant (appro .80%) antibody in human and found in serum IgA is second abundant (approx .10-15%) antibody. It is found in saliva and tear also. IgD and IgE constitute 2-3% of total antibodies which are found in most cells and serum.
54458.The organisms which cause diseases in plants and animals are called
pathogens
vectors
insects
worms
Explanation:
The organisms which cause diseases in plants and animals are called pathogens. Vectors are the carriers of pathogens.All the insects and worms do not cause diseases.
The organisms which cause diseases in plants and animals are called pathogens. Vectors are the carriers of pathogens.All the insects and worms do not cause diseases.
54459.When an apparently healthy person is diagnosed as unhealthy by a psychiatrist, the reason could be that
the patient was not efficient at his work
the patient was not economically prosperous
the patient shows behavioural and social maladjustment
he does not take interest in sports
Explanation:
Health can be defined as a state of complete physical, mental and social well being. So, when an apparently healthy person is diagnosed as unhealthy by a psychiatrist,the reason could be that the patient shows behavioural and social maladjustment.
Health can be defined as a state of complete physical, mental and social well being. So, when an apparently healthy person is diagnosed as unhealthy by a psychiatrist,the reason could be that the patient shows behavioural and social maladjustment.
54460.Anti-venom against snake poison contains
antigens
antigen-antibody complexes
antibodies
enzymes
Explanation:
Snake anti-venom is a biological product that typically consists of venom neutralising antibodies
derived from a host animal, such as a horse or sheep, it is not considered as antigen, antigen-antibody complex or enzyme.
Snake anti-venom is a biological product that typically consists of venom neutralising antibodies
derived from a host animal, such as a horse or sheep, it is not considered as antigen, antigen-antibody complex or enzyme.
54461.In malignant tumours, the cells proliferate, grow rapidly and move to other parts of the body to form new tumours. This stage of disease is called
metagenesis
metastasis
teratogenesis
mitosis
Explanation:
Cancer is defined as an uncontrolled division or proliferation of cells without any differentiation.
Repeated division of cells form a large mass of tissue called tumours. Tumours are of two types;
benign(non-cancerous) and malignant (cancerous).The invasion of cancerous cells (in malignant tumours)from one part to the other parts of body is called metastasis,while metagenesis is the alteration of generation. Tetragenesis is a prenatal toxicity characterised by structural, functional defects in the developing embryo or fetus. Mitosis is a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells.
Cancer is defined as an uncontrolled division or proliferation of cells without any differentiation.
Repeated division of cells form a large mass of tissue called tumours. Tumours are of two types;
benign(non-cancerous) and malignant (cancerous).The invasion of cancerous cells (in malignant tumours)from one part to the other parts of body is called metastasis,while metagenesis is the alteration of generation. Tetragenesis is a prenatal toxicity characterised by structural, functional defects in the developing embryo or fetus. Mitosis is a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells.
54462.The chemical test that is used for diagnosis of typhoid is
ELISA test
ESR test
PCR test
Widal test
Explanation:
Widal test is used for diagnosis of typhoid.(Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Eassy) is used as diagnostic test for AID.PCR test is used to identify the gene sequences of organisms.ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate) test is done to find the sedimentation rate of RBCs and is used as a diagnostic tool for inflammation.
Widal test is used for diagnosis of typhoid.(Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Eassy) is used as diagnostic test for AID.PCR test is used to identify the gene sequences of organisms.ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate) test is done to find the sedimentation rate of RBCs and is used as a diagnostic tool for inflammation.
54463.Haemozoin is
precursor of haemoglobin
toxin from Streptococcus
toxin from Plasmodium species
toxin from Haemophilus species
Explanation:
Haemozoin is a toxin released by Plasmodium species, which is responsible for the chill and high
fever recurring in a malaria patient every three to four days.Str eptococcus produces streptomycin and streptococca cyrogenic exotoxin.Haemophilus produces cytolethal distending toxin (HdCDT) which inhibits mammal cell proliferation.
Haemozoin is a toxin released by Plasmodium species, which is responsible for the chill and high
fever recurring in a malaria patient every three to four days.Str eptococcus produces streptomycin and streptococca cyrogenic exotoxin.Haemophilus produces cytolethal distending toxin (HdCDT) which inhibits mammal cell proliferation.
54464.Which of the following glands is large sized at birth but reduces in size with ageing?
Pineal
Pituitary
Thymus
Thyroid
Explanation:
Thymus is quite large at the time of birth but keeps reducing in size with age and by the time
puberty is attained, it gets reduced to a very small size.While the size of pineal gland (located at brain), pituitary gland (in brain), thyroid (located in front of neck) remains constant in size since birth.
Thymus is quite large at the time of birth but keeps reducing in size with age and by the time
puberty is attained, it gets reduced to a very small size.While the size of pineal gland (located at brain), pituitary gland (in brain), thyroid (located in front of neck) remains constant in size since birth.
54465.The term Health is defined in many ways.The most accurate definition of the health would be
health is the state of body and mind in a balanced condition
health is the reflection of a smiling face
health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being
health is the symbol of economic prosperity.
Explanation:
Health does not, simply mean absence of disease or physical fitness . Even if a person is
physically fit, lack of mental or social wellbeing will not enable him to lead the quality life.
Health does not, simply mean absence of disease or physical fitness . Even if a person is
physically fit, lack of mental or social wellbeing will not enable him to lead the quality life.
54466.Transplantation of tissues/organs to save certain patients often fails due to rejection of such tissues/organs by the patient.Which type of immune response is responsible for such rejections?
Auto-immune response
Humoral immune response
Physiological immune response
cell-mediated immune response
Explanation:
Transplantation is the replacement of a diseased organ or tissue of an individual with healthy organ or tissue of same or another individual.These transplants or graft gets rejected if it is recognised as foreign antigen by the body s immune systems.Cell mediated immune response, mediated by T-lymphocyte is able to differentiate between self and non-self cells/organ. This type of immune response recognises the body s non-cells or other tissue or organs from other individual as foreign antigen and cause rejection of the graft.
Transplantation is the replacement of a diseased organ or tissue of an individual with healthy organ or tissue of same or another individual.These transplants or graft gets rejected if it is recognised as foreign antigen by the body s immune systems.Cell mediated immune response, mediated by T-lymphocyte is able to differentiate between self and non-self cells/organ. This type of immune response recognises the body s non-cells or other tissue or organs from other individual as foreign antigen and cause rejection of the graft.
54467.The sporozoites that cause infection when a female Anopheles mosquito bites a human being are formed in
liver of human
RBCs of mosquito
salivary glands of mosquito
intestine of human
Explanation:
Sporozoites enter the female Anopheles mosquito when they bite an infected person where these sporozoite fertilise and multiply in the stomach wall of the female Anopheles and stored in the
salivary gland of mosquito till it is again transferred to the human body by a mosquito bite.
Sporozoites enter the female Anopheles mosquito when they bite an infected person where these sporozoite fertilise and multiply in the stomach wall of the female Anopheles and stored in the
salivary gland of mosquito till it is again transferred to the human body by a mosquito bite.
54468.AIDS is caused by HIV.Among the following,which one is not a mode of transmission of HIV?
Transfusion of contaminated blood
Sharing the infected needles
Shaking hands with infected persons
Sexual contact with infected persons
Explanation:
HIV is transmitted through exchange of body fluids. This is not involved during shaking hands.
HIV is transmitted through exchange of body fluids. This is not involved during shaking hands.
54469.The disease chikungunya is transmitted by
house flies
Aedes mosquitoes
cockroach
female Anopheles
Explanation:
Chikungunya is transmitted by the vector Aedes mosquitoes. Housefly is the vector for cholera.Cockroach transmits jaundice or yellow fever and is a carrier of food and waterborne diseases.Female Anopheles is responsible for spreading malaria.
Chikungunya is transmitted by the vector Aedes mosquitoes. Housefly is the vector for cholera.Cockroach transmits jaundice or yellow fever and is a carrier of food and waterborne diseases.Female Anopheles is responsible for spreading malaria.
54470.Tobacco consumption is known to stimulate secretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline.The component causing this could be.
nicotine
tannic acid
curaimin
catechine
Explanation:
Tobacco has nicotine, which stimulates the adrenal gland to release adrenaline and noradrenaline
which in turn increases the blood pressure and heart rate.On the other hand, tannic acid is
a type of polyphenol used as a mordant, curaimin, obtained from cureumin in a pain releiver and catechine derived from catechu is an antioxidant.
Tobacco has nicotine, which stimulates the adrenal gland to release adrenaline and noradrenaline
which in turn increases the blood pressure and heart rate.On the other hand, tannic acid is
a type of polyphenol used as a mordant, curaimin, obtained from cureumin in a pain releiver and catechine derived from catechu is an antioxidant.
54471.Many diseases can be diagnosed by observing the symptoms in the patient. Which groups of symptoms are indicative of pneumonia?
Difficulty in respiration, fever, chills, cough and headache
Constipation, abdominal pain, cramps and blood clots
Nasal congestion and discharge, cough, sore throat and headache
High fever, weakness, stomach pain, loss of appetite and constipation.
Explanation:
Constipation, abdominal pain, cramps and blood clots are the symptoms of amoebiasis.Nasal congestion and discharge, cough, sore throat and headache are indicative of common cold.High fever, weakness, stomach pain, loss of appetite and constipation are the symptoms of typhoid.
Constipation, abdominal pain, cramps and blood clots are the symptoms of amoebiasis.Nasal congestion and discharge, cough, sore throat and headache are indicative of common cold.High fever, weakness, stomach pain, loss of appetite and constipation are the symptoms of typhoid.
54472.Which of the following are the reason(s) for rheumatoid arthritic? Choose the correct option.
i. Lymphocytes become more active
ii. Body attacks self cells
iii. More antibodies are produced in the body
iv. The ability to differentiate pathogens or foreign molecules from self cells is lost
i. Lymphocytes become more active
ii. Body attacks self cells
iii. More antibodies are produced in the body
iv. The ability to differentiate pathogens or foreign molecules from self cells is lost
(i) and (ii)
(ii) and (iv)
(iii) and (iv)
(i) and (iii)
Explanation:
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune system attacks the joints and causes pain.Autoimmunity is an abnormal immune response in which the immune system of the body loses its ability to differentiate between pathogen or foreign molecules from self cell and attack self-cells. This results in damage to the body.While if any foreign antigen enters into body the lymphocytes bec
ome more active and producemore antibodies in its response in the body.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune system attacks the joints and causes pain.Autoimmunity is an abnormal immune response in which the immune system of the body loses its ability to differentiate between pathogen or foreign molecules from self cell and attack self-cells. This results in damage to the body.While if any foreign antigen enters into body the lymphocytes bec
ome more active and producemore antibodies in its response in the body.
54473.The genes causing cancer are
structural genes
expressor genes
oncogenes
regulatory genes
Explanation:
Normal cells have genes called cellular oncogens or proto-oncogenes which are present in
inactivated state, but under certain conditions (like mutation) these get transformed to cancer
causing oncogens which are active.On the other hand,structural genes,expressor gene and regulatory genes are responsible for regulation of gene expression.
Normal cells have genes called cellular oncogens or proto-oncogenes which are present in
inactivated state, but under certain conditions (like mutation) these get transformed to cancer
causing oncogens which are active.On the other hand,structural genes,expressor gene and regulatory genes are responsible for regulation of gene expression.
54474.The substance produced by a cell in viral infection that can protect other cells from further infection is
serotonin
colostrum
interferon
histamine
Explanation:
Interferons are the proteins secreted by virus infected cells, which protect non-infected cells from
further viral infection.Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that leads to depression.Colostrum is present in the lactating mother s breast milk and contains antibodies which protect the newborn against disease.
Histamine is also a neurotransmitter involved in inflammatory response.
Interferons are the proteins secreted by virus infected cells, which protect non-infected cells from
further viral infection.Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that leads to depression.Colostrum is present in the lactating mother s breast milk and contains antibodies which protect the newborn against disease.
Histamine is also a neurotransmitter involved in inflammatory response.
54475.Diseases are broadly grouped into infectious and non-infectious diseases. In the list given below, identify the infectious diseases.
(i) Cancer
(ii) Influenza
(iii) Allergy
(iv) Small pox
(i) Cancer
(ii) Influenza
(iii) Allergy
(iv) Small pox
(i) and (ii)
(ii) and (iii)
(iii) and (iv)
(ii) and (iv)
Explanation:
Influenza, commonly known as the flu is an infectious disease of birds and mammals caused by influenza viruses.Smallpox is a highly contagious disease caused by the Variola virus.It get transmitted from a person to others by various means like sneeze, saliva, contaminated body fluids, etc.Cancer is a non
-infectious disease caused by the agents called carcinogens.Allergy is the exaggerated response of the immune system to certain antigens in the environment (pollen, dust, mites, molds, cloth fibres, animal hair, etc). It is non-infectious in nature.
Influenza, commonly known as the flu is an infectious disease of birds and mammals caused by influenza viruses.Smallpox is a highly contagious disease caused by the Variola virus.It get transmitted from a person to others by various means like sneeze, saliva, contaminated body fluids, etc.Cancer is a non
-infectious disease caused by the agents called carcinogens.Allergy is the exaggerated response of the immune system to certain antigens in the environment (pollen, dust, mites, molds, cloth fibres, animal hair, etc). It is non-infectious in nature.
54476.Which of the following is not a lymphoid tissue?
Spleen
Tonsils
Appendix
Thymus
Explanation:
Lymphoid organs are the organs where origin and/or maturation and propagation of lymphocytes
occur.Appendix is sometime not considered as the lymphoid organ,as it has been proposed to be a
vestigial structure connected to the cecum, located near the junction of the small intestine and the large intestine.
Lymphoid organs are the organs where origin and/or maturation and propagation of lymphocytes
occur.Appendix is sometime not considered as the lymphoid organ,as it has been proposed to be a
vestigial structure connected to the cecum, located near the junction of the small intestine and the large intestine.