[1 ,2, 3 and 4] Which of the following is/are a part of the participatory development process?1. State2. NGO

Which of the following is/are a part of the participatory development process?
1. State
2. NGOs
3. Pressure groups
4. Cooperatives
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

1, 2 and 3 only

1 ,3 and 4 only

2 ,3 and 4 only

1 ,2, 3 and 4

Explanation:

d) 1, 2, 3 and 4. In participatory development (PD), people are willingly involved in a wide range of development activities, as agents and beneficiaries of development. Participatory development seeks to engage local populations in development projects. It is clear from the definition of PD that NGOs, Pressure Groups, and Cooperatives are involved in it. There might be some confusion over how state is a part of PD. It is actually the state activity that can facilitate or hinder PD. If state does not allow NGOs or pressure groups, how can they function? On the other hand, states through their policy and support can facilitate PD. In last few years, the role of the state in participatory development has changed: from the reconstruction and development programme to growth, employment and redistribution.

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