Directions for the following 8 (eight) items: Read the following two passages and answer the items that follow each passage. Your answers to these items should be based on the passages only. Passage – 1 The Himalayan ecosystem is highly vulnerable to damage, both due to geological reasons and on account of the stress caused by increased pressure of population, exploitation of natural resources and other related challenges. These aspects may be exacerbated due to the impact of climate change. It is possible that climate change may adversely impact the Himalayan ecosystem through increased temperature, altered precipitation patterns, episodes of drought and biotic influences. This would not only impact the very sustenance of the indigenous communities in uplands but also the life of downstream dwellers across the country and beyond. Therefore, there is an urgent need for giving special attention to sustain the Himalayan ecosystem. This would require conscious efforts for conserving all the representative systems. Further, it needs to be emphasized that the endemics with restricted distribution, and most often with specialized habitat requirements, are among the most vulnerable elements. In this respect the Himalayanbiodiversity hotspot, with rich endemicdiversity, is vulnerable to climate change. The threats include possible loss of genetic resources in ecosystem services. Therefore,conservation of endemic elements in representative ecosystem/habitats assumes a great significance while drawing conservation plans for the region. Towards achieving the above, we will have to shift toward contemporary conservation approaches, which include a paradigm of landscape level interconnectivity between protected area systems. The concept advocates a shift from the species-habitat focus to an inclusive focus on expanding the biogerographic range so that natural adjustments to climate change can proceed without being restrictive.
1. permanent disappearance of some of its flora and fauna.
2. permanent disappearance of ecosystem itself.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
1. To maintain natural ecosystems, exploitation of natural resources should be completely avoided.
2. Not only anthropogenic but also natural reasons can adversely affect ecosystems.
3. Loss of endemic diversity leads to the extinction of ecosystems.
Which of the above assumptions is/are correct?